Vocational Education and its Perspectives

Abstract

Vocational education has long held a fundamental and significant position within the Czech educational environment. However, in recent decades, it has faced challenges due to the variability of graduates' applicability in the labour market and rapid technological advancements. In the Czech Republic, a substantial majority of students pursue secondary education after completing primary school. It is reported that up to 80% of pupils undergo vocational education and less than 20% undergo general education programme. Approximately 6% of the population has not progressed beyond primary education, typically due to not completing secondary education and thus, the majority of secondary vocational education graduates then enter the labour market directly.

The employment rate of vocational graduates aged 20-34 is around 80%, which is above the EU average, even though most graduates obtain a qualification recognised in the labour market. Aligning vocational training with labour market demands and addressing the workforce's age composition presents significant challenges. The Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic has proposed strategies to mitigate these issues, emphasizing enhanced collaboration between the education sector and industry, as well as the integration of dual system elements into vocational education. These initiatives are outlined in the 'Strategy for the Education Policy of the Czech Republic up to 2030+'.

Another option being considered is a later selection of professions and postponing early specialisation by creating a common foundation for related fields of education.  This approach is being implemented through the ongoing revision of vocational education framework programmes and the innovation of the sectoral system. This paper examines these developments and offers reflections on the anticipated changes in vocational education within the Czech Republic.